Introduction
The basic principle of good practice Biomedical Waste Management is based on concept of 3 R’s namely reduced, recycle and reuse. The best Bio-Medical Waste Management (BMWM) method aim ad avoiding generation of waste or recovering as much as waste possible, rather than disposing.1 Therefore the various method of Biomedical Waste Management disposal, according to their desirability are prevent, reduce, reuse, recycle, recover, treatand lastly dispose. Hence, the waste should be tackled at source rather than “end of pipe approach.2
Biomedical Waste Management treatment and disposal facility means any facility were in treatment disposal of or process Biomedical Waste Management incidental to such treatment and disposal is carried out. Only about 10% -20%Biomedical Waste Management is hazardous and the remaining 75% -95% is non-hazardous.3 The hazardous part the waste present physical, chemical and the micro-biological risk to the general population and health care workers associated with handling treatment and the disposal of waste.4
In India the ministry of environment and forests has promulgated the BMW (Management and handling) Rules 1998 for proper management of BMW. These rules are made to into the overall waste management of health care facilities in India.5 The absence of proper waste management, lack of awareness about the health hazardous from Bio-Medical Waste Management, insufficient financial and human resource and proper control of waste disposal are the most critical problem connected with health care waste.6
Need of Study
The reason due to which there is great need of management of hospital waste medical care is vital for our life and health but the waste generated from medical activities represents a real problem of living nature and human world7 Improper management of waste generated in health facilities causes a direct health impact on the community, the health care workers and on the environment every day potentially infectious & hazardous waste are generated in health care hospitals and facilities around the world. Indiscriminate disposal of Bio-Medical Waste Management or hospital waste and exposure to such waste possess serious threat to environment and to human health that require specific treatment and management prior to its final disposal the present review article deal with the basic issue as different categories' problem relating to Bio-Medical Waste and procedure of handling and disposal method of Bio-Medical Waste Management it also intends to create awareness among the personnel involved in health care unit.8
Segregation system is up to the mark than this has been observed that the 85 to 90% of the total waste become non infected only 10 to 15% are infected waste which need special disposal system. Incineration7 Creating a system for segregation of waste is the first step. Segregation at source of different type of Bio-Medical Waste and there appropriate storage and or disinfection sterilization etc. Would ensure that infectious waste do not get mixed with non-infectious waste as these would infect the entire waste. Only a small fraction of waste generated by health care institution is actually infectious or hazardous. It is estimated that 80 to 85% is non- infectious and 10% infectious and 5% hazardous.7 Segregation of waste into infected or contaminated waste and non- infected waste is mandatory and is a pre-requisite for safe and hygienic waste management. Segregation at source makes it easier to prevent spread of infection.9
Statement of Problem
A Study to assess the effectiveness of structure teaching programme on knowledge regarding, Bio-Medical Waste Management among B.SC Nursing students in Government College of Nursing Durg (C. G)
Objectives
To assess the pre-test & post-test knowledge regarding Bio-Medical Waste Management among the B.SC Nursing 2nd& 3rd year students in Government College of Nursing Durg (C. G)
To assess the effectiveness of structure teaching programme on Bio-Medical Waste Management among B.SC Nursing 2nd&3rd year Students in Government College of Nursing Durg (C. G)
To find out the association of pre-test knowledge score regarding Bio-Medical Waste Management among B.SC Nursing students in Government College of Nursing Durg with the selected demographic variables.
Hypothesis
H0: - There will be no significant difference between pre and post-test knowledge regarding Bio Medical Waste Management among B.SC Nursing Students.
H1:- There will be significant difference between pre and post-test knowledge regarding Bio-Medical Waste Management among B.SC Nursing Students.
H2:-There will be no significant association between pre test knowledge regarding Bio-Medical Waste management with the selected socio demographic variables among B.Sc. Nursing student.
H3:- There will be significant association betweenpre- test knowledge regarding Bio-Medical Waste Management with the selected socio demographic variables among B.SC Nursing Students.
Materials and Methods
Research approach
The Research approach is an umbrella that cover the basic procedure for conducting research.” The present study is aimed to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching module on the knowledge of Bio-Medical Waste Management of B.Sc. Nursing 2ndyear and 3rd year students at the Government College of Nursing Durg.
Research design
Research design is the researcher’s over are plan for answering the research question or testing used in pre-experimental research hypothesis.”This study is to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge of Bio-Medical Waste Management among B.Sc. Nursing 2nd year and 3rd year in Govt. College of Nursing Durg.
Population
Target population
In the present study the target population includes B.Sc. Nursing 2nd& 3rd year students.
Accessible population
It refers to aggregate of cases which confirm to the designed criteria and which accessible to the researcher as the tool of subject or object. In this research the accessible population are the students are B.Sc. Nursing 2nd& 3rd year Govt. College of Nursing Durg.
Pilot study
The pilot study was conducted in Shankracharya College of Nursing Hudco, Bhilai Durg (C.G.) from Govt. College of Nursing Durg(C.G.) to find out the effectiveness of the tool and study. In term of enhancement of knowledge regarding Bio-Medical Waste Management of so as to decide about the suitability for final study. The investigator used the sample from the population 10 sample were selected o the study. These 50 we excluded for final study.
The Pre-test was administered by using the questionnaire schedule followed by Structured teaching programme after 7 days the post test was administered by using the some questionnaire of structure teaching programme on the Bio-Medical Waste Management related to knowledge.
Result
Table 1
Frequency and percentage distribution of sample characteristics.N =50
Table 2
Frequency and percentage level of knowledge regarding Bio-Medical Waste Management. N=50
|
Level of knowledge |
Knowledge score |
Percentage |
|
(n) |
(%) |
|
|
Excellent (21-30) |
04 |
8% |
|
Good (11-20) |
46 |
92% |
|
Average (0-10) |
0 |
0% |
|
50 |
100 % |
Table 4
Association between Pre-test knowledge scoreregarding Bio-Medical Waste Management with the selected Demographic variables
Descriptions
Majority of age group in maximum is 37 (74%) and minimum02(4%). As regard to gender female maximum 50 (100%) male minimum 0(0%).as regard to Source of knowledge about Bio-Medical Waste Management maximum 37(74%)and minimum 3(6%). As regard to Living pattern of the students maximum 42(84%) and minimum 01(2%). As regard to Training practice in maximum 50(100%) minimum 0(0%).as regard to Name of the Hospital that works on maximum 50(100%) and minimum 0(0%).
Table 2 Represented that 50% of students of B.Sc. Nursing had excellent knowledge 8% of B.Sc. Nursing students had good knowledge 92% and 0% average knowledge of B.Sc. Nursing students regarding Bio-Medical Waste Management.
It indicates that majority of B.Sc. Nursing Students had good knowledge regarding Bio-Medical Waste Management.
Table 3 Depicts the effectiveness of structure teaching programme mean score was 37.32 and Karl pearson coefficient correlation was r = 0.99
Table 4 Depicts the Association between Pre-test knowledge score regarding Bio-Medical Waste Management with the selected Demographic variables such as Age, Gender, Source Of Knowledge, Training Practice, Living Pattern And Name Of The Hospital Works.The calculated value of chi-square test of age of studentsX2= 53.3 (p ≥ 0.05) and df= 6is Significant. The calculated value of chi- square test of Gender of students isX2= 0(p ≤ 0.05) and df=2 is Not Significant. The calculated value of chi- square test of Source Of Knowledge of student isX2 =15.13 (p ≤ 0.05) and df= 8 is Not Significant. The calculated value of chi- square test of Living pattern of the students isX2 =2.34(p≤ 0.05) and df= 6 and is Not Significant.The calculated value of chi- square test of Training practice of students isX2=0 (p ≤ 0.05) and df= 6 is Not Significant.The calculated value of chi- square test of Name of the hospital that work onX2 = 4.0(p ≤0.05) and df= 6 is Not Significant.
Discussion
In this chapter an attempt has been made to discuss the findings of the study, in accordance with the objective of the research as per the socio-demographic variables.
The analysis of data in description of socio demographic characteristic had shown that in the majority of age group in maximum is 37 (74%) and minimum is 01(02% ) and in gender female maximum is 50 (100% ) and male minimum 0 (0% ) in Source of knowledge maximum is 39(78% ) and minimum 04 (8% ) in Living pattern maximum 40 (80% ) and minimum 03(06% ) and Training practice maximum is 50 (100% ) minimum 0( 0% ) and Name of the Hospital that work is maximum is50 (100% ) and minimum 0( 0% ).
The first objectives of the study were to “Assess the knowledge regarding Bio-Medical Waste Management. The findings of knowledge revealed that majority of (92% ) of students had Good knowledge and (8%) had excellent knowledge and (0%) had average knowledge.
The second objectives of theto find out the “To assess the effectiveness Structure teaching programme on Bio-Medical Waste Management” The findings revealed that there was a positive effectiveness (0.99) of the B.Sc. Nursing 2nd& 3rd year students.
The third objective of the study was to see” Association of Pre-test knowledge score regarding Bio-Medical Waste Management among the B.Sc. Nursing students in Government College of Nursing Durg with the selected Demographic Variables such as Age, Gender, Source of knowledge, Living pattern, Training practice, Name of the Hospital that work. The significant value of knowledge X2 = 53.32 in age.
Summary
This chapter deal with the analysis and interpretation and discussion of data from 50 student regarding bio-medical waste management in selected government college of nursing Durg (cg) this chapter was organized under four section, frequency and percentage distribution of sample characteristics of socio demographic variables assess the knowledge. Find out the coefficient and correlation between assess the level of knowledge. Find out the association between the pre-test knowledge and demographic variables by using chi-squire test. The graphs were used to clarify table content.
Limitation
The limitation recognized in the study were.
The size of sample was 50, hence it is difficult to make broad generalization
Purposive sampling technique was done from Government College of Nursing Durg
The data collecting was based on choose answer (objective type question) and checklist question for observation of knowledge of B.Sc. Students.
The study was limited to only Bio medical waste management.
The study was limited to B.Sc. Nursing students of age group 18-35 years in Government college of Nursing Durg.
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