Infection in nicu setting pose serious health risks to neonates - a meta-analysis

• Chetan Ramesh Sangati,*  
• Pradeep M

Abstract

Background: Infections in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) pose significant health risks to neonates, particularly due to their underdeveloped immune systems and the invasive procedures often necessary for treatment. These infections can lead to severe complications, prolonged hospital stays, and increased mortality rates. Aims & Objective: This meta-analysis aims to assess the prevalence, risk factors, outcomes, and preventive strategies associated with infections in NICU settings to better understand the scope of the problem and provide insights for improved healthcare practices. Materials & Methods: A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, and Medline, for peer-reviewed studies published in the last two decades. Studies were selected based on criteria that included focus on NICU-acquired infections, study design, and outcomes reported on neonatal health. Data on infection prevalence, types, risk factors, treatment efficacy, and preventive interventions were extracted and analyzed using meta-analytic techniques to calculate pooled estimates and examine statistical associations. Results: Findings indicate a high prevalence of infections in NICUs, with bloodstream infections, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections as the most common types. Risk factors such as prematurity, low birth weight, invasive procedures, and prolonged NICU stay significantly increase infection rates. Neonates with infections demonstrated higher morbidity, longer hospital stays, and a higher risk of long-term health complications. Preventive measures, particularly hand hygiene protocols, sterilization practices, and early identification strategies, were associated with reduced infection rates. Conclusion: Infections in NICUs remain a critical issue, impacting neonatal outcomes and healthcare costs. Strengthening preventive measures and developing standardized protocols for infection control are essential to reduce infection rates and improve neonatal health outcomes. Further research is needed to identify the most effective interventions and foster a culture of infection prevention within NICU settings.

Keywords

NICU infections, neonatal health, infection prevention, risk factors, meta-analysis